W J 13: Schuurman Chp. 1

W J 20: Smith et. al Introduction to GIS

W J 25: Mitchell Chp. 1

M F 1: Schuurman Chp. 2-3

W F 3: Schuurman Chp 4-5

M F 8: Mitchell Chp 2-4

W F 10: Mitchell Chp 5-7 (Chapter 6 was my presentation for my group)

2. Reading Presentation (Presentation Partners:  Paul Gruber, Michelle Lee)

W F 10: Mitchell Chapter 5-7 (I presented on Chapter 6)

3.  Delaware Data Inventory blog posting

Delaware Data Inventory

4. Project Postings

Project Proposal, Jan 25, 2010

Project Update, Feb 3, 2010

Project Proposal Rough Draft and Revision, Feb 15, 2010

Final Project Brochure with Map, April 28, 2010

Backyard Birder Playing Cards (on Paul Gruber’s blog)

5. Tutorial Postings

Link for all postings on Tutorial progress

ArcMap file/map is in C:/Courses/Geog355/Birdmap/Brochure and map/”Pedestrian_row” on computer GISML15

• Adding new features (lines, land parcels, etc.)

Chp. 16, Exercise 16a

• Modifying and deleting features
• map topology makes features (like polygon vertices, etc) aware of their connectedness to other features so that common vertices and edges can be moved together (p. 428)

Chp. 16, Exercise 16b

• Merging features combines ANY selected polygons, whereas Dissolve combines polygons with the SAME attribute value (p. 432)

Chp. 16, Exercise 16c

• When you add a field in the Attribute Table, if you make changes to that field (for example, if you added a square acre field and you then change the size of a parcel) you have to recalculate the acres field because ArcMap won’t do it automatically.

Chp. 17, Exercise 17a

• The process of creating map features from addresses, place names, etc is called geocoding (p.448)
• You need an address locator file to geocode.  An address locator file is a file that specifies the reference data and its relevant attributes, the relevant attributes from the address table, and various geocoding rules and tolerances (p. 449)

Chp. 17, Exercise 17b

• Use the address locator to match addresses

Chp. 18, Exercise 18b

• useful for our project (to create map points from GPS coordinates)

Chp. 18, Exercise 18c

• DO NOT add graphics (legends, text boxes, etc) until AFTER you’re satisfied with the display scale because graphics do NOT scale proportionately as you zoom in/out
• When you make a map, you need to export an image of the map in EMF (.emf) format so you can add it to PowerPoint or Word. (p. 500)

Chp. 20

• USE A MODEL IN THE EXAM????  (p. 538)
• To create a buffer:  ArcTools, Analysis, Proximity, Buffer

Delaware Address Points: all addresses in Delaware, with their landuse type

Annexations: contains annexations and conforming boundaries from 1853 to present (when they were added, size, etc)

Archeological: all archeological sites

Benchmarks: GPS benchmark locations

Building outlines: all building outlines adjusted to 2006 orthophotos (including size/shape and landuse type)

Block: shapefile with all the blocks, including area, population, number of families, etc in each

Block groups: groups of blocks

Census tract: largest geographic unit set by US Census Bureau

Farmlots: all farmlots in area, including what township they are in

Floodplain 100 year: floodplain over next 100 years or past 100 years?

Floodplain 500 years: floodplain over next 500 years or past 500 years?

2009 Floodplains: provides flood risk for areas

Floodways: includes areas inside and outside flood areas

Historic local: local historic sites (but how do you find out what the sites are?)

Historic national: sites of national historic importance

Hydro: all waterways in Delaware (lakes, streams, rivers, reservoirs, etc)

fp hydro arc: shows OUTLINES of waterways

fp hydro polygon: shows bodies of water FILLED IN as polygons

fp hydro label: shows DOTS as LABELS of waterways

fp hydro tic: ?

del_run: outline of Delaware Run

bldg1 base: public buildings with names

bldg 2 base: public buildings with names

cemetery base: locations of all cemeteries

churches: with location, address, name, etc

golf courses: with name, location, address, phone number, etc

parks: names of all parks

school: all schools with type (middle, elementary, etc)

usps: all postal station locations and names

Municipalities: all areas of municipalities

Natural heritage ODNR: locations of natural heritage spots?

Orthophoto 2008: pictures of Delaware from 2008

Orthophoto 2008 detailed:

Parcels: all parcels with landuse, school district, etc

Precincts–city wards: map of 4 city wards in Delaware

Precincts–polls: all poll locations

All precincts (with poll locations): all precincts with poll locations, township name, etc

PLSS (public land survey system): polygons depicting boundaries of 2 public land survey districts

Railroad: railroads with names

Road center line: all roads (name, zip code, etc)

Right of way: all road right of ways

School districts: areas of all school districts

Soils: areas of all soil types

Subdivisions: all subdivisions

Tax Districts: all tax districts

Topography: topography of all townships (separately)

Townships: all townships

Townships historical (original): original 18 townships

Watersheds ODNR: all watersheds

Wetlands: all wetlands, including type

Woodlands ODNR: all woodlands

Zip Codes: all zip code areas with names

Historical District zoning: all historical zoning areas

Zoning 0200: map of different zones in Delaware (with different ownership)

Sewer lines (misc): all sewer lines

Bike trails: current, planned, proposed

Traffic zone: ?

Water lines: all water lines

• To find features with particular, either do a definition query or an attribute query.  In an attribute query, features satisfying the query are selected, but in a definition query, features satisfying the query are displayed while the rest are hidden.  (p. 277)

Chp. 12, Exercise 12a

• The ArcToolbox (red box in standard toolbar) lets you prepare data (Chp. 11) and analyze data spatially (Chp. 12)  (p. 314)

Chp. 12, Exercise 12b

• An overlay combines the features in two input layers to create a new dataset (p. 325)
• A union layer contains its own attributes as well as all the attributes of both input layers.

Chp. 13

• You have to make sure the coordinate systems of your layers are compatible/the same.
• BUT…ArcMap automatically changes each new layer to fit the first’s coordinate system by on-the-fly projection. (p. 348)

Chp. 13, Exercise 13a

• You can put each map into their own data frame so you can move them around (ex. Alaska and Hawaii in own frames near continental US frame) p. 350

Chp. 13, Exercise 13b

• DEFINING A PROJECTION (p. 361) (if your data is missing its corresp0nding projection (.prf) file, ArcMap cannot recognize the coordinate system and cannot project the data on the fly

• You must create a shapefile in order for a layer file to be displayed.
• Layer files let you store symbology information (colors, shapes, and sizes that you choose for features)

Chp. 4, Exercise 4c:

• Add data layers to your map by selecting the layers in ArcCatalog and dragging them to your screen in ArcMap.

Chp. 5, Exercise 5b:

• “Label features” puts the name of the feature (country name, etc) ON the map
• To use a layer you add in another map, or to send it to another person without having to recreate the symbology, save it as a layer file (p. 118) (if you send this layer to another person, you must also send the shapefile (.shp) it references)
• p. 134 for information on classifying numerical values into mappable features

1. natural breaks (default)
2. equal interval
3. defined interval
4. standard deviation
5. geometric interval
6. manual

Chp. 6, Exercise 6c:

• representing density with dot density can be misleading because the dots are placed randomly within the area, not necessarily where the people, etc. are

Chp. 7, Exercise 7a:

• In order to have control of text (to move it around the map, modify it, etc) you MUST convert the labels to annotations (do this when the map is nearly finished)
  
• dynamic labels don’t place where you want them to, so you can convert them to annotations
• If you only want to label a few features, use the “Label” tool on the Draw toolbar (you have control of placement, font, etc)

Chp. 8, Exercise 8a

• (our project?) To insert a hyperlink, see p. 215

Chp. 9, Exercise 9a

• You can join tables together (one table with feature data, the other with just information) two different ways (p. 235)

Project Proposal Birding Trail revision (PDF proposal here)

• Pam Burtt is giving me a CD with photos of local birds on Tuesday (Feb 23).

Why map what’s inside?

To monitor what’s occurring inside, or to compare several areas based on what’s in each (to decide if need to take action)

Defining your analysis

3 ways to find what’s inside:

1. overlay area on top of features
2. use area boundary to select features inside and list/summarize them
3. combine area boundary and features to create summary data

Are you finding what’s inside a single area or multiple areas?

Find what’s inside a single area:  lets you monitor activity in the area

Find what’s inside multiple areas:  lets you compare the areas

1. contiguous areas = next to each other (zip codes, watersheds)
2. disjunct areas = separated (park)
3. nested areas = within each other (stores within 1, 2, and 3 miles of campus)

Are the features inside discrete or continuous?

discrete = unique, identifiable features (locations, roads, land parcels)

continuous = seamless geographic phenomena (vegetation type, temperature, etc)

Three ways of finding what’s inside

1. Drawing the area and the features inside
2. Selecting the features inside the area (specify the area and the layer with the features, and GIS selects the subset of the features inside the area)
3. Overlaying the areas and features: creates new layer with both area and features present

Chapter 6: Mapping what’s nearby

Why map what’s nearby?

1. find out what’s happening within a set distance from a feature:  identifies the area affected by an event/activity
2. find out what’s within traveling range:  help define area served by a facility, help delineate areas that are suitable for a specific use

• • Example:  fire department mapped areas within 5, 10, and 15 minutes of stations, decide where to build new stations
  • Example:  map which stores customers are near so company can target ad sales

Defining your analysis

Is what’s nearby defined by a set distance or by travel to/from a feature?

1. Define what’s nearby based on set distance: use if there is no movement between features; used to measure an area of influence; use straight-line distances
2. Define what’s inside based on travel to/from a feature: use if there is movement between features (people traveling to store, etc)

Are you measuring what’s nearby using distance or cost?

1. Measure what’s nearby with distance
2. Measure what’s nearby with cost (time, money, effort, etc): more precise way to measure, but requires more data preparation and processing

The information you need from the analysis

Do you need a list, count, or summary?

1. a list: all the features that are near the source
2. a count: the total number or count by category of all the features near the source
3. a summary statistic = total amount (ex. number of acres of land within a stream buffer) or amount by category (ex. number of acres of each land type within a stream buffer)
4. a statistical summary: average, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, etc

How many distance or cost ranges do you need?

1. single range
2. several ranges:  can have inclusive or distinct rings

• • inclusive rings: useful for finding how the total amount increases as distance increases
  • distinct bands: useful to compare distance to other characteristics (ex. find if people living in each distance band spend different amounts of money)

Three ways to find what’s nearby

1. Straight-line distance: good for creating boundary or selecting features at set distance from source

• pros:  quick and easy
• cons:  only gives rough estimate of travel distance

1. Distance or cost over a network: specify source locations (ex. fire station) and a distance or travel cost along each linear feature (ex. roads), GIS then finds which segments of the features (ex. roads) are within the distance or cost; good for finding what’s within a travel distance or cost over a fixed network

• pros:  gives more precise travel distance over network
• cons:  requires accurate network layer (ex. network of roads)

1. Cost over a surface: specify the locations of the source features and a travel cost, GIS creates new layer showing travel cost from each source;  good for calculating overland travel cost

• pros:  can measure overland travel cost
• cons:  need data preparation to build cost layer

Tip:  Use straight-line distance to define area of influence or get quick estimate of travel range; use cost or distance over network if measuring travel over fixed infrastructure; use cost over a surface to measure overland travel

Using straight-line distance

1. create a buffer

• specify source feature and buffer distance
• can create buffers around multiple features to see where they overlap
• find features within distance of multiple sources

1. select features to find within a given distance

• doesn’t create a boundary around source feature (it simply selects the features within a given distance)

1. calculate feature-to-feature distance

• useful to find exactly how far each feature is from source

1. creating a distance surface

• use graduated colors to show graduation

Measuring distance or cost over a network

• identifies all lines of a network (streets, rivers, etc) within a given distance

• each segment in a network is tagged with a measure of the cost to travel that segment (money, time, distance)

Calculating cost over a geographic surface

• find out what’s nearby when traveling overland
• shows rate of change as you travel

• Can show where things are or where areas are that meet your criteria
• Can investigate causes of patterns
• To look for patterns in data, map features in a layer using different symbols

Each point must have a latitude-longitude coordinate or street address.

You can map all features in a data layer or just a subset of it.

You need to be explicit about what each feature category include so readers know what the map represents.

Chapter 3:  Mapping the most and least

• You can better see where things are more/less concentrated than you can if you just graph locations
• Classification schemes:  natural breaks; quantile; equal interval
• You can use graduated symbols, graduated colors, charts, contours, or a 3-D perspective to map things, depending on what you are trying to represent.

Chapter 4:  Mapping density

• Particularly useful for looking at patterns instead of individual locations.
• You have to be aware of how you represent your data so your map is not too clustered or too hard to read.

Information on where local bird species are located in Delaware County.  Uses Google Maps to map out each bird siting (with date and who observed it). E-bird link

Delaware County layers:  woodlands, wetlands, watershed, archeological, topographical (maybe include)

Make a map of trail to find local birds:  “Backyard Birds”

Location:  Include OWU campus and area within walking distance (Blue Limestone Park, Dempsey Middle School,  Woodward Elementary, Delaware Run)

Must include some human features (roads, major buildings, etc) so people can locate themselves on the map (but make these features less noticeable).

Include other animals (bats, squirrels, rabbits, etc)

Make “playing cards,” with each card corresponding to a point on the map that represents a site to find a certain bird/animal species.  On the card, include information (habitat, ecology, behavior, etc) of that bird/animal.

Split habitats into “human based” and “natural.”

Have 2 separate routes on the map:  morning and evening

To Do List:

1.  We still need to find out if the actual DATA is accessible in a format that includes location (latitude and longitude)

• We need to collect location data, probably with GPS.  Kristin and I are in ornithology, so we can maybe take GPS points of bird locations when we work on our independent projects.  Dr. Johnson has a GPS?  Who else?
  

2.  We need to figure out how to map the local habitats on a VERY LOCAL SCALE.  Is there already existing data?  Do we need to go out and map each habitat ourselves (would we take coordinates with GPS)?  What kind of habitats will we include?  How will we define them?

• Again, use the GPS units to map out specific areas (take points at each corner of a habitat lot, etc)